Structure and Array in Structure

STRUCTURE

A structure is a user-defined data type in C/C++. A structure creates a data type that can be used to group items of possibly different types into a single type.

A struct in the C programming language is a composite data type declaration that defines a physically grouped list of variables under one name in a block of memory, allowing the different variables to be accessed via a single pointer or by the struct declared name which returns the same address.

CREATING A STRUCTURE

struct keyword is used to create a structure

Example:-

struct address 

{ 
   char name[50]; 
   char street[100]; 
   char city[50]; 
   char state[20]; 
   int pin; 
};

DECLARE STRUCTURE VARIABLES

A structure variable can either be declared with a structure declaration or as a separate declaration like basic types.

struct Point 
{
int x, y; 
}p1;
struct Point 
{
int x,y;
};
int main()
{
struct Point p1;
}

In C++, the struct keyword is optional before in the declaration of a variable. In C, it is mandatory.

ACCESSING STRUCTURE MEMBERS

Structure members are accessed using the dot (.) operator.

#include<stdio.h> 

struct Point 

{ 

   int x, y; 

}; 

int main() 

{ 

 struct Point p1 = {0, 1};  

p1.x = 20;

   printf ("x = %d, y = %d", p1.x, p1.y); 

 return 0; 

}

OUTPUT:-

x=20 , y=1

ARRAY IN STRUCTURES

An array of structures in C can be defined as the collection of multiple structures variables where each variable contains information about different entities. The array of structures in C are used to store information about multiple entities of different data types. The array of structures is also known as the collection of structures.

#include<iostream.h>

void main()

{

struct employee

{

int no;

float bal;

};

struct employee a[10];

int i;

for(i=0; i<=9; i++)

{

printf("enter amount number and balance");

scanf("%d%f", &a[i].no , &a[i].bal);

}

for(i=0; i<=9; i++)

printf("%d%f", a[i].no , a[i].bal);

}