Algorithm, Flowchart, Pseudocode.

 

Tools used in Problem Solving:

1.Algorithm.

2.Flowchart.

3.Pseudocode.

Algorithm:

An algorithm is a number of steps required to solve a problem. It is a list of well-defined instructions to solve a problem.

Characteristics:

1. An algorithm ends after a fixed number of steps.

2. Each step in an algorithm clearly specifies the action to be performed.

3. Steps in algorithm specify the basic operation.

4. Inputs data in a defined format.

5. Generates output.

Flowchart:

A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm. It consists of a set of  symbols. Each symbol represents the specific kind of activity depicted in to the algorithm. A typical problem would involve accept input, processing and display output.

Advantage:

1. Helps in analyzing the problems effectively.

2. Acts as a guide during the program development phase.

3. Helps easy debugging of logical errors.

Disadvantage:

1. A lengthy flowchart may expand over multiple pages which reduces readability.

2. Drawing a flowchart using any graphical tool is a time-consuming process.

3. The changes made to a single step may cause redrawing of the entire flowchart.

Drawing a flow chart

A flowchart is created by using a set of symbols and the flow of process is indicated with the help of arrows connecting the symbols. Each symbol representing an activity to be performed to solve a problem.

Pseudocode:

Pseudocode is a detailed yet readable description of what can algorithm must do, expressed in a formally typed natural language rather than in programming language. Pseudocode is used as an initial step in the process of developing an program.It provides programmers a detailed template for writing instructions in a specific programming language.

Advantages:

1. It is easy and fast to write as it uses English like statements.

2. It needs no rewriting if any changes are made in any step.

3. It can be converted to a program in any other programming languages. This is because the format is used by the pseudocode is similar to a program.

Limitations:

It does not provide a graphical representation of any algorithm therefore it is difficult to understand the complex logic.